#
# This script examines the predictive prior densities of two local level
# models given the same priors for parameters that appear to be the same.
# Reference: Del Negro and Schorfheide.

try:
    import pymc

    pymc_installed = 1
except:
    print("pymc not imported")
    pymc_installed = 0

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from numpy import exp, log
from scipy import integrate, stats
from scipy.special import gammainc, gammaincinv, gammaln
from scipy.stats import rv_continuous

# np.random.seed(12345)


class igamma_gen(rv_continuous):
    def _pdf(self, x, a, b):
        return exp(self._logpdf(x, a, b))

    def _logpdf(self, x, a, b):
        return a * log(b) - gammaln(a) - (a + 1) * log(x) - b / x

    def _cdf(self, x, a, b):
        return 1.0 - gammainc(a, b / x)  # why is this different than the wiki?

    def _ppf(self, q, a, b):
        return b / gammaincinv(a, 1 - q)

    # NOTE: should be correct, work through invgamma example and 2 param inv gamma
    # CDF
    def _munp(self, n, a, b):
        args = (a, b)
        super(igamma_gen, self)._munp(self, n, *args)

    # TODO: is this robust for differential entropy in this case? closed form or
    # shortcuts in special?
    def _entropy(self, *args):
        def integ(x):
            val = self._pdf(x, *args)
            return val * log(val)

        entr = -integrate.quad(integ, self.a, self.b)[0]
        if not np.isnan(entr):
            return entr
        else:
            raise ValueError("Problem with integration.  Returned nan.")


igamma = igamma_gen(
    a=0.0,
    name="invgamma",
    longname="An inverted gamma",
    shapes="a,b",  # extradoc="""
    #
    # Inverted gamma distribution
    #
    # invgamma.pdf(x,a,b) = b**a*x**(-a-1)/gamma(a) * exp(-b/x)
    # for x > 0, a > 0, b>0.
    # """
)


# NOTE: the above is unnecessary.  B takes the same role as the scale parameter
# in inverted gamma

palpha = np.random.gamma(400.0, 0.005, size=10000)
print("First moment: %s\nSecond moment: %s" % (palpha.mean(), palpha.std()))
palpha = palpha[0]

prho = np.random.beta(49.5, 49.5, size=1e5)
print("Beta Distribution")
print("First moment: %s\nSecond moment: %s" % (prho.mean(), prho.std()))
prho = prho[0]

psigma = igamma.rvs(1.0, 4.0**2 / 2, size=1e5)
print("Inverse Gamma Distribution")
print("First moment: %s\nSecond moment: %s" % (psigma.mean(), psigma.std()))

# First do the univariate case
# y_t = theta_t + epsilon_t
# epsilon ~ N(0,1)
# Where theta ~ N(mu,lambda**2)


# or the model
# y_t = theta2_t + theta1_t * y_t-1 + epsilon_t

# Prior 1:
# theta1 ~ uniform(0,1)
# theta2|theta1 ~ N(mu,lambda**2)
# Prior 2:
# theta1 ~ U(0,1)
# theta2|theta1 ~ N(mu(1-theta1),lambda**2(1-theta1)**2)

draws = 400
# prior beliefs, from JME paper
mu_, lambda_ = 1.0, 2.0

# Model 1
y1y2 = np.zeros((draws, 2))
for draw in range(draws):
    theta = np.random.normal(mu_, lambda_**2)
    y1 = theta + np.random.normal()
    y2 = theta + np.random.normal()
    y1y2[draw] = y1, y2


# log marginal distribution
lnp1p2_mod1 = stats.norm.pdf(
    y1, loc=mu_, scale=lambda_**2 + 1
) * stats.norm.pdf(y2, mu_, scale=lambda_**2 + 1)


# Model 2
pmu_pairsp1 = np.zeros((draws, 2))
y1y2pairsp1 = np.zeros((draws, 2))
# prior 1
for draw in range(draws):
    theta1 = np.random.uniform(0, 1)
    theta2 = np.random.normal(mu_, lambda_**2)
    #    mu = theta2/(1-theta1)
    # do not do this to maintain independence theta2 is the _location_
    #    y1 = np.random.normal(mu_, lambda_**2)
    y1 = theta2
    #    pmu_pairsp1[draw] = mu, theta1
    pmu_pairsp1[draw] = theta2, theta1  # mean, autocorr
    y2 = theta2 + theta1 * y1 + np.random.normal()
    y1y2pairsp1[draw] = y1, y2


# for a = 0, b = 1 - epsilon = .99999
# mean of u is .5*.99999
# variance is 1./12 * .99999**2

# Model 2
pmu_pairsp2 = np.zeros((draws, 2))
y1y2pairsp2 = np.zeros((draws, 2))
# prior 2
theta12_2 = []
for draw in range(draws):
    #    y1 = np.random.uniform(-4,6)
    theta1 = np.random.uniform(0, 1)
    theta2 = np.random.normal(
        mu_ * (1 - theta1), lambda_**2 * (1 - theta1) ** 2
    )
    theta12_2.append([theta1, theta2])

    mu = theta2 / (1 - theta1)
    y1 = np.random.normal(mu_, lambda_**2)
    y2 = theta2 + theta1 * y1 + np.random.normal()
    pmu_pairsp2[draw] = mu, theta1
    y1y2pairsp2[draw] = y1, y2

fig = plt.figure()
fsp = fig.add_subplot(221)
fsp.scatter(pmu_pairsp1[:, 0], pmu_pairsp1[:, 1], color="b", facecolor="none")
fsp.set_ylabel("Autocorrelation (Y)")
fsp.set_xlabel("Mean (Y)")
fsp.set_title("Model 2 (P1)")
fsp.axis([-20, 20, 0, 1])

fsp = fig.add_subplot(222)
fsp.scatter(pmu_pairsp2[:, 0], pmu_pairsp2[:, 1], color="b", facecolor="none")
fsp.set_title("Model 2 (P2)")
fsp.set_ylabel("Autocorrelation (Y)")
fsp.set_xlabel("Mean (Y)")
fsp.set_title("Model 2 (P2)")
fsp.axis([-20, 20, 0, 1])

fsp = fig.add_subplot(223)
fsp.scatter(
    y1y2pairsp1[:, 0],
    y1y2pairsp1[:, 1],
    color="b",
    marker="o",
    facecolor="none",
)
fsp.scatter(y1y2[:, 0], y1y2[:, 1], color="g", marker="+")
fsp.set_title("Model 1 vs. Model 2 (P1)")
fsp.set_ylabel("Y(2)")
fsp.set_xlabel("Y(1)")
fsp.axis([-20, 20, -20, 20])

fsp = fig.add_subplot(224)
fsp.scatter(y1y2pairsp2[:, 0], y1y2pairsp2[:, 1], color="b", marker="o")
fsp.scatter(y1y2[:, 0], y1y2[:, 1], color="g", marker="+")
fsp.set_title("Model 1 vs. Model 2 (P2)")
fsp.set_ylabel("Y(2)")
fsp.set_xlabel("Y(1)")
fsp.axis([-20, 20, -20, 20])

# plt.show()

# TODO: this does not look the same as the working paper?
# NOTE: but it matches the language?  I think mine is right!

# Contour plots.
# on the basis of observed data. ie., the mgrid
# np.mgrid[6:-4:10j,-4:6:10j]


# Example 2:
# 2 NK Phillips Curves
# Structural form
# M1: y_t = 1/alpha *E_t[y_t+1] + mu_t
# mu_t = p1 * mu_t-1 + epsilon_t
# epsilon_t ~ N(0,sigma2)

# Reduced form Law of Motion
# M1: y_t = p1*y_t-1 + 1/(1-p1/alpha)*epsilon_t

# specify prior for M1
# for i = 1,2
# theta_i = [alpha
#             p_i
#             sigma]
# truncate effective priors by the determinancy region
# for determinancy we need alpha > 1
# p in [0,1)
# palpha ~ Gamma(2.00,.10)
# mean = 2.00
# std = .1 which implies k = 400, theta = .005
palpha = np.random.gamma(400, 0.005)

# pi ~ Beta(.5,.05)
pi = np.random.beta(49.5, 49.5)

# psigma ~ InvGamma(1.00,4.00)
# def invgamma(a,b):
#    return np.sqrt(b*a**2/np.sum(np.random.random(b,1)**2, axis=1))
# NOTE: Use inverse gamma distribution igamma
psigma = igamma.rvs(
    1.0, 4.0, size=1e6
)  # TODO: parameterization is not correct vs.
# Del Negro and Schorfheide
if pymc_installed:
    psigma2 = pymc.rinverse_gamma(1.0, 4.0, size=1e6)
else:
    psigma2 = stats.invgamma.rvs(1.0, scale=4.0, size=1e6)
nsims = 500
y = np.zeros((nsims))
# for i in range(1,nsims):
#    y[i] = .9*y[i-1] + 1/(1-p1/alpha) + np.random.normal()

# Are these supposed to be sampled jointly?

# InvGamma(sigma|v,s) propto sigma**(-v-1)*e**(-vs**2/2*sigma**2)
# igamma =

# M2: y_t = 1/alpha * E_t[y_t+1] + p2*y_t-1 + mu_t
# mu_t ~ epsilon_t
# epsilon_t ~ n(0,sigma2)

# Reduced form Law of Motion
# y_t = 1/2 (alpha-sqrt(alpha**2-4*p2*alpha)) * y_t-1 + 2*alpha/(alpha + \
#        sqrt(alpha**2 - 4*p2*alpha)) * epsilon_t
