     Roving observer file.  This contains "MPC codes" for observers who
  don't have MPC codes,  mostly satellite observers.  They could be handled
  using code 247 (Roving Observer),  or using the XXX code (see below for
  details),  but it can be more convenient if they have their own codes.

     Locations can be in the MPC standard longitude/rho_cos_phi/rho_sin_phi
  triplet format,  or as lon/lat/altitude.  So far,  MPC has used codes
  with starting characters 0-9 or A-Z,  followed by two digits.  So I've
  used three letter codes,  often mixed-case,  ideally giving a hint as
  to the observatory.  One is not limited to alphanumerics;  note the use
  of '2.2' and '0.6' for the Mauna Kea 2.2-meter and 0.6-meter scopes.
  You _are_ limited to three characters,  though.

     The '!' in column 5 indicates that the data depart from the usual MPC
  format.  The observatory name starts in column 48,  rather than column
  31,  to allow more precision.  It also gives room to specify a non-Earth
  based observer (see examples below for planets,  MSL,  LCROSS impact
  point, etc.)  It also paves the way for four-digit MPC codes,  which
  should happen one of these days.

     Longitudes and latitudes are assumed to be in decimal degrees,  east
  positive,  altitudes in meters above the ellipsoid (not above sea
  level;  the difference can be over 60 meters,  so it _can_ matter.
  Though I suspect it's usually ignored;  I'd bet that most of the altitudes
  below are actually ASL.)  The example for (273) EISCAT shows how to do
  deg/min/sec form.  The WGS84 ellipsoid is assumed.  GPS will default to
  that ellipsoid,  but I wouldn't be surprised if some lat/lons are on
  older systems,  adding up to a few hundred meters of error.

     Any line starting with a space is assumed to be a comment.  Negative
  longitudes (and those between 180 and 360) are in the Western Hemisphere.

   NOTE that rather than add codes here,  one can use code (247),  the
   "roving observer",  as described at

   http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/RovingObs.html

   _Or_,  one can use code (XXX),  as described at

   http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/Astrometry.html#HowObsCode

   For this last,  one uses code XXX,  and inserts a line at the top of the
   observations such as

   COM Long. 239 18 45 E, Lat. 33 54 11 N, Alt. 100m, Google Earth

   Note that MPC is rather strict about the above format (east longitudes
   only,  degrees/minutes/seconds).  Find_Orb is more flexible -- you can
   use any "code",  meaning you can even move existing codes,  and you can
   use decimal degrees and West longitudes if you wish -- but don't expect
   MPC to understand what you've done.

   Some artificial satellite observers :

Alm !   5.258        52.3713         -3.       Almere (satellite observatory)
AMa !  33.9701       44.3932         68.7      Andriy Makeyev
AOO !  30.75564      46.47778        56.       Astronomical Observatory of Odessa Univ
Bag !-118.5          34.              0.       S Hutcheon obs
Ber ! 138.6333        0.82043     -0.56986     Anthony Beresford, Adelaide, South Australia
CBa !   6.3785       52.8344         10        Cees Bassa
Cro !   4.499947     52.13878         0        Cronesteyn (Marco Langbroek)
Fet ! -75.6910       44.6062        100        Kevin Fetter, Brockville, Ontario, Canada
GRR !  18.5129      -33.94058        10        Greg Roberts, South Africa
Hol !   8.6558       49.8822        135        Gerhard Holtkamp, Germany
IHN ! -81.081444     41.547806      300        Indian Hill North
ITE !   8.87444      46.178771      210        Marco Iten Gaggiole
Lei !   4.49081      52.15412         0        Leiden (Marco Langbroek)
MMc ! 262.1339        0.86573     +0.49912     Mike McCants
PGa ! -98.2161       26.24316        36        Paul Gabriel, McAllen, Texas USA 78504-2940
PWa !  -1.1188       51.0945        120        Peter Wakelin
Ran !  12.4545       41.9683         80        Alberto Rango, Italy
ScT !-123.6685       49.4348         40        Roberts Creek 1 (Scott Tilley)
SGu !  94.5546      +56.1016        170        Sergey Guryanov
SOb !  -2.24377     +53.3199         86        Unknown satellite observer
Tim !  20.01361      47.18278        10        Andras Timar, Hungary
Tu1 ! -95.983429    +36.139208      201        Tulsa-1
Tu2 ! -96.1411      +35.8311        330        Tulsa-2
VMe !  27.543306    +53.904694      217        Vitaly Mechinsky
DBr ! -121.702778   +37.113278      282        Derek Breit

RPa !-71.0000        43.6666        200        Ralph Pass
Var !  6.6814       +44.5736       1850        Vars,  southern Alps

   When 2008 TC3 impacted the earth on 7 Oct 2008,  I added the impact point
   as an "observatory" so I could get impact-centered ephemerides easily.
   Similarly for the 2014 AA estimated impact coordinates,  100 km above
   the Atlantic Ocean.

Sud ! 33.11952       20.59777        10        Sudan impact site
Atl !-43.2           12.5        100000        2014 AA impact location

   Bowdoinham,  Maine,  my home town in the northeastern United States,
   added so I could get topocentric ephemerides readily :

Bow ! -69.9          44.01          100        Bowdoinham

    The centers of the Sun,  moon,  and planets are treated as 'rovers'.
    (You'll see below Spirit and Opportunity set up as 'rovers' on Mars,
    plus one for the point of the LCROSS impact so that I could compute
    ephems from that viewpoint,  showing the distance dwindling to zero at
    the time of impact.)

Bar ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @12    SS Barycenter
Sun ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @0     Sun
Mer ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @1     Mercury
Ven ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @2     Venus
Mar ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @4     Mars
Jup ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @5     Jupiter
Sat ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @6     Saturn
Ura ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @7     Uranus
Nep ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @8     Neptune
Plu ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @9     Pluto
Lun ! 0.0000 0.00000  0.00000           @10    Luna

MEx !  0.0000 0.00000  0.00000          @4     Mars Express
LCO !311.75834 -84.56139 10             @10    LCROSS impact site

Met !   7.212778     51.520802       54        Bernd Brinkmann meteor site
JSt !   8.32         52.02          300        Joerg Strunk meteor site

SBo !   8.327722     47.525778      450        Sandro Boschetti

   TAROT positions from http://tarot.obs-hp.fr/tarot/infos/ :

Tar !   6.92389      43.75222      1270        TAROT Calern Observatory
Ta2 ! -70.7322      -29.2608       2347        TAROT La Silla ESO

   There are at least eleven telescopes on Mauna Kea,  all currently lumped
   as (568).  Some are not very close to the position specified for (568)
   (see http://arxiv.org/pdf/1106.5835 for an example where the difference
   matters -- admittedly unusual,  involving a close-in artificial object)
   and in any case,  it's sometimes convenient for an observatory code to
   tell you exactly which scope was used.  The following list is from:
   http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/IRrefdata/telescope_ref_data.php
      I had doubts about these lat/lon/alts,  derived from an aerial survey
   and in NAD83 datum,  with altitudes in feet (data given in non-metric
   units always makes me worry) and given to a meaningless precision of
   about 0.3 millimeters -- those sorts of mistakes usually mean bogus data
   -- but checks with people who have actually been on Mauna Kea with GPS
   units have assuaged those worries.
      Lat/lon/alts in this file are supposed to be on the WGS84 ellipsoid.
   But here,  I just took the NAD83 coordinates and ignored the difference
   (about two meters).
      No altitudes were given for JCMT and CSO.  4190 meters seemed at least
   roughly in the ballpark of the altitudes for the other telescopes.
      NOTE that codes (267) = CFHT and (266) = Subaru were added after I did
   all this.  The positions given there differ from those given here by about
   50 meters,  _including vertically_.  I think the (267)/(266) positions
   may have been measured using Google Earth or a similar mediocre-accuracy
   method.
      Note also that the MPC position for (568) corresponds to longitude
   -155.4722,  lat 19.8262,  4202 meters,  the position for IRTF (though
   34 meters above the position given below).  Again,  these may be due to
   confusion about ellipsoidal vs. above-sea-level altitudes.

        longitude    latitude       height
      DDDmmss.sssss   DDmmss.sssss       (m)
0.6 !-1552815.46587  +194917.81149  4186.327   Univ of Hawaii 0.6-m, Mauna Kea
2.2 !-1552809.96073  +194922.76784  4213.555   Univ of Hawaii 2.2-m, Mauna Kea
CFH !-1552807.95258  +194930.90648  4204.106   Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, Mauna Kea (CFHT)
IRT !-1552819.19564  +194934.38594  4168.067   Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF)
UKI !-1552813.17630  +194920.75334  4198.498   UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT)
JCM !-1552837.20394  +194922.10741  4190       James Clerke Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)
CSO !-1552831.78945  +194920.77658  4190       Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO)
Ke1 !-1552828.98665  +194933.40757  4159.581   Keck 1, Mauna Kea
Ke2 !-1552827.24268  +194935.61788  4159.581   Keck 2, Mauna Kea
Sub !-1552833.66719  +194931.81425  4163.001   Subaru, Mauna Kea
Gem !-1552808.56831  +194925.68521  4213.439   Gemini North, Mauna Kea

Ce1 !  -2.566025     37.982840     1532        Centu1 (J75 scope)

   At one time,  it looked as if there might be some Dawn-based astrometry,
   with coordinates relative to Ceres.
Daw !                        @100              Dawn spacecraft

   I found some observations of Phobos transiting the Sun as seen from
   Spirit and Opportunity,  and wanted to compute ephems from the rovers:
Spi ! 175.47263     -14.5684          0    @4  Spirit
Opp ! 354.4734       -1.9462          0    @4  Opportunity
MSL ! 137.4417       -4.5895          0    @4  MSL (Curiosity)

   Shortly after the Chelyabinsk meteor impacted,  I computed a (_very) rough
   orbit based on the object coming in ten km above Chelyabinsk at 17.3 km/s
   from azimuth 97,  alt +18.  The following 'Che' code helped :

Che !  61.42         55.1528      10000        Chelyabinsk meteor

WT1 !  80.9004      +05.5488          0        WT1190F nominal impact point

LNA ! -45.896527    -22.01097      1000        LNA (Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica)

   There has been one radar observation,  of (367943) Duende (2012 DA14),
   made from the following station.  It's at E 19 13' 33.1", N 69 35' 11.3",
   altitude 89.16 meters,  in Norway. The formatting should be obvious :

273 ! 191333.10 +693511.3 89.16                EISCAT Tromso UHF (32-m)

Jah ! 008.351507    +54.652323       10        Jost Jahn's home observatory

   Coordinates for DSN Stations,  added 2016 Sep 27,  from
   ftp://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/eph/planets/stations/dsn.itrf93/dsn.itrf93_geodetic_19sep2016.txt
   Similar degree/minute/second formatting as with (273) EISCAT above.

        longitude    latitude       height
      DDDmmss.sssss   DDmmss.sssss       (m)
d12 ! 2431140.23879  +351759.77350   962.15503 DSS 12 Goldstone Echo 34-meter
d13 ! 2431219.94762  +351449.79132  1070.44450 DSS 13 Goldstone Venus 34-meter
d14 ! 2430637.66245  +352533.24313  1001.39054 DSS 14 Goldstone 70-meter
d15 ! 2430646.09763  +352518.67180   973.21110 DSS 15 Goldstone 34-meter
d16 ! 2430734.86091  +352029.54181   943.97719 DSS 16 Goldstone 26-meter
d17 ! 2430735.38070  +352031.83568   936.91591 DSS 17 Goldstone 9-meter
d23 ! 2430737.69313  +352022.38127   945.35142 DSS 23 Goldstone 11-meter
d24 ! 2430730.74021  +352023.61408   951.51136 DSS 24 Goldstone 34-meter
d25 ! 2430728.69246  +352015.40307   959.63401 DSS 25 Goldstone 34-meter
d26 ! 2430737.14089  +352008.48104   968.69315 DSS 26 Goldstone 34-meter
d27 ! 2431324.05839  +351417.77841  1052.46882 DSS 27 Goldstone 34-meter
d28 ! 2431315.99178  +351417.77927  1064.64775 DSS 28 Goldstone 34-meter
d33 ! 1485859.13040  -352401.74505   684.09999 DSS 33 Canberra 11-meter
d34 ! 1485855.07192  -352354.52383   692.02036 DSS 34 Canberra 34-meter
d35 ! 1485853.24074  -352344.86387   694.88925 DSS 35 Canberra 34-meter
d36 ! 1485842.75932  -352342.36634   685.50534 DSS 36 Canberra 34-meter
d42 ! 1485852.56264  -352402.42868   674.61529 DSS 42 Canberra 34-meter
d43 ! 1485852.56232  -352408.72724   688.86727 DSS 43 Tidbinbilla 70-meter
d45 ! 1485839.66828  -352354.44767   674.34745 DSS 45 Canberra 34-meter
d46 ! 1485859.09407  -352418.03830   676.81253 DSS 46 Canberra 26-meter
d49 ! 1481548.65612  -325954.23645   414.81554 DSS 49 Parkes
d53 ! 3554501.25220  +402538.48625   826.79158 DSS 53 Madrid 11-meter
d54 ! 3554445.25142  +402532.23806   837.05188 DSS 54 Madrid 34-meter
d55 ! 3554450.52012  +402527.46526   819.06158 DSS 55 Madrid 34-meter
d61 ! 3554503.51994  +402543.46101   840.42622 DSS 61 Robledo 34-meter
d63 ! 3554507.16925  +402552.35510   864.81685 DSS 63 Robledo 70-meter
d65 ! 3554457.48397  +402537.94289   833.85442 DSS 65 Madrid 34-meter
d66 ! 3554454.89654  +402547.90955   849.87404 DSS 66 Madrid 26-meter

   The coordinates supplied for these stations by the MPC are
   given to 10^-6 Earth radius (in latitude/altitude),  which
   is about six meters.  At least one radar observation is
   given with a sigma of 0.05 microseconds.  That's a round-trip
   time;  in 25 nanoseconds,  light travels about 7.5 meters.  So
   we ought to replace the MPC parallax data with the following
   lat/lon/alts.  The precision in lat/lon is about 0.3 mm,
   with room for two more digits (3-micron precision).  Go and
   try making _that_ insufficient precision,  radar guys!

252 ! 2431219.94762  +351449.79132  1070.44450 Goldstone DSS 13, Fort Irwin
253 ! 2430637.66245  +352533.24313  1001.39054 Goldstone DSS 14, Fort Irwin
257 ! 2430728.69246  +352015.40307   959.63401 Goldstone DSS 25, Fort Irwin

   Coordinates for proposed LSST and its auxiliary telescope,  from
   https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1616 .  Note that this lists several other
   observatories,  some with coordinates that don't match those given
   by MPC's ObsCodes.html.

LSS ! -704457.90     -301440.68     2663.      Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
LSA ! -704451.80     -301441.27     2663.      LSST Auxiliary 1.4-m

War ! 149.1930      -31.2763        552.       Warrumbungle Observatory
Dub ! 148.58525     -31.29358       300.       Dubbo Observatory
