Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3: System Administration Guide
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# Chapter 15. Diskless Environments

Some networks require multiple systems with the same configuration. They also require that these systems be easy to reboot, upgrade, and manage. One solution is to use a diskless environment in which most of the operating system, which can be read-only, is shared from a central server between the clients and the individual clients have their own directories on the central server for the rest of the operating system, which must be read/write. Each time the client boots, it mounts most of the OS from the NFS server as read-only and another directory as read-write. Each client has its own read-write directory so that one client can not affect the others.

The following steps are necessary to configure Red Hat Enterprise Linux to run on a diskless client:

1. Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on a system so that the files can be copied to the NFS server. (Refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide for details.) Any software to be used on the clients must be installed on this system, and the `busybox-anaconda` package must be installed.

2. Create a directory on the NFS server to contain the diskless environment such as `/diskless/i386/RHEL3-AS/`. For example:

       mkdir -p /diskless/i386/RHEL3-AS/

   This directory is referred to as the `diskless directory`.

3. Create a subdirectory of this directory named `root/`:

       mkdir -p /diskless/i386/RHEL3-AS/root/

4. Copy Red Hat Enterprise Linux from the client system to the server using `rsync`. For example:

       rsync -a -e ssh installed-system.example.com:/ /diskless/i386/RHEL3-AS/root/

   The length of this operation depends on the network connection speed as well as the size of the file system on the installed system. It may take a while.

5. Start the `tftp` server as discussed in Section 15.1 Start the `tftp` Server.

6. Configure the DHCP server as discussed in Section 15.2 Configuring the DHCP Server.

7. Finish creating the diskless environment as discussed in Section 15.4 Finish Configuring the Diskless Environment.

8. Configure the diskless clients as discussed in Section 15.5 Adding Hosts.

9. Configure each diskless client to boot via PXE, and boot them.

# 15.1. Start the `tftp` Server

On the DHCP server, verify that the `tftp-server` package is installed with the command `rpm -q tftp-server`. If it is not installed, install it via Red Hat Network or the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD-ROMs. For more information on installing RPM packages, refer to Part III Package Management.

`tftp` is an xinetd-based service; start it with the following commands:

    /sbin/chkconfig --level 345 xinetd on
    /sbin/chkconfig --level 345 tftp on

This command configures the `tftp` and `xinetd` services to immediately turned on and also configures them to start at boot time in runlevels 3, 4, and 5.

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